National parks of valley Йосемити |
National park Josemiti - Nevada, in mountains of the central California occupies territory in the west of Sierra. Through a valley the river Mersed which fantastic kinds were embodied by many artists, photographers and, of course, numerous tourists from all world proceeds. In the valley centre – leaving on depth in career half-miles on which bottom the glaciers which have remained up to now since times of a glacial age shine.
Over glaciers, at height 3 тыс foots the granite, rocky arches from which powerful falls fall hang. Among falls of valley Йосемити there is really a unique, third on height third and seventh place among planet falls.
In 1880, as a result of efforts of the Scottish researcher and scientist John Mjura (John Muir), a valley has received the status of national park and since then her name it became known not only to all country, but also all world.
Annually a valley visits three million tourists. Unfortunately, the majority of them became the reason of pollution of a valley. In some areas Josemiti the catastrophic ecological situation was created really.
In January, 1977 the big flooding has destroyed half of camps and one third of all buildings in park territory. It has been decided, that many of them are not subject to restoration and this territory has returned to primary – natural - to a condition. Among other decisions focused on preservation of an environment of park, there was a reduction of quantity of roads, for private cars, and in exchange increase in quantity of shuttle buses as it have made, for example, in the State of Utah in Зайон a canyon "Zion Canyon" and in the State of Arizona – in the canyon well-known the Grandee (Grand Canyon).
In the heart of valley Йосемити fans of a solitude and single walks can only in 30 minutes of walking on the laid numerous footpaths, to appear among the wild, deserted nature which protogenic beauty involves numerous tourists to California.
Йосемит lays on distance of 200 miles to the east from San Francisco, to it conduct three roads (CA 120, CA 140 and CA 41). It is expensive SA 120 lasts from the east and crosses Sierra through pass Tioga Pass. Because of snow this road often happens is closed till July. To reach a southern part of a valley it is possible the roads conducting on an extent of 140 miles through mountains. To western, mountain, to valley edge conduct narrowed roads which dangerously cut off steep hillsides on the parties. Roads pass through some tunnels which open to a sight the tremendous avenue surrounded with vertical rocky slopes and the green sea of woods, thawing on horizon. It is valley Йосемити (Yosemite Valley) – a park pearl.
Valley history
Aboriginals of America, Indians, lived in area Josemiti 4 000 years prior to present time. Ancestors of the Indians who for the first time have met in the valley of the European travellers, belonged to the people of a tribe Southern Мивок (Southern Miwok). However, trading with people Пайутс living on lake Mono (Mono Lake Paiutes) – in the east of Sierra – exchanging at them wood nuts, wood products and other materials from lake Mono areas, Indians Мивок entered in friendly and matrimonies with other American Indian tribes.
Indians Йосемити had the religious practices, songs and political division of members of a society. The first European researchers of valley Йосемити mention samples of drawings on oak wood and tell that the territories cleared away from wood for выпаса pets saw. Probably, Indians cleared away these earths for the needs, systematically burning an underbrush.
Possibly, the first европецами, into valley Йосемити, members of group of Joseph Walker (Joseph Rutherford Walker) which in 1833 have crossed east part of Sierra Nevada were entered. This visit was the first of visitings known to historians by Europeans of a valley. After it there have passed 20 years before in a valley there were other Europeans.
After in 1849 at bottom of hills Sierra Nevada have found gold, thousand and thousand старателей have gushed to Sierra in a pursuit of good luck. Their intrusion has caused the conflict to the local Indians, which steels to battle expedition of retaliatory group – "Battalion Марипоса" (Mariposa Battalion), which has been sent on these earths for the purpose of the termination of American Indian war (Mariposa Indian War to protect the earths from незванных newcomers. Because of the flashed conflicts by administration of the State of California was organised). The battalion has entered into valley Йосемити on March, 27th, 1851 and "has pacified Indians".
